2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

马铃薯淀粉可完全降解塑料制备技术研究取得重要突破

 

 由西北师范大学化学化工学院、甘肃省高分子材料重点实验室和生态环境相关高分子材料教育部重点实验室完成的《马铃薯淀粉可完全降解塑料制备技术研究》近日通过了甘肃省科学技术成果鉴定。
       
该项目通过将淀粉与壳聚糖、坡缕石、聚乙醇等复配,使用溶液浇铸法制备了不同种类的生物可降解塑料薄膜,研究了各组分的含量、加工温度、时间、加料的先后顺序、水分含量等因素对材料的力学性能、热学性能及降解性能的影响。所得产品中除增塑剂及阻燃剂等少量加工助剂外,系天然材料,无石油基原料消耗。
        
项目首次将淀粉、坡缕石黏土(凹凸棒土)、壳聚糖、阻燃剂等复配制备出可完全生物降解的塑料薄膜。所得产品中除增塑剂及阻燃剂等少量加工助剂外,均系天然材料,不含石油基原料,具有很大的创新性。该项目开拓展了淀粉、坡缕石黏土、壳聚糖等原料的应用领域,研究内容具有较大的实用性,先进性。项目研制的复合薄膜其力学性能按照国家标准l040.3—2006测试,抗拉强度6.47MPa,断裂伸长率240%,降解性能优良,自然环境下l50天左右完全降解。该材料可用于商品包装,军工行业、植物嫁接,一次性生活用品等领域。
       
通过项目的实施,可改变可降解塑料不完全降解及含有石油基塑料的现状,实现可降解塑料薄膜完全降解的目标,从而帮助解决能源安全、环境污染等问题。项目原料来源广泛,生产工艺简单,经济和社会效益显著,具有广阔的市场前景。

 

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